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Foreign relations of Slovenia

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Politics of Slovenia

UN Member State
(UNSC Member · ECOSOC Member)
EU Member State
(Eurozone Member · Schengen Area Member)
NATO Member State
Council of Europe Member State
OECD Member State

Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Other institutions
Elections
Subdivisions
Foreign relations

Since Slovenia declared independence in 1991, its Governments have underscored their commitment to improving cooperation with neighbouring countries and actively contributing to international efforts aimed at bringing stability to Southeast Europe. Resource limitations have nevertheless been a problem hindering the efficiency of the Slovenian diplomacy. In the 1990s, foreign relations, especially with Italy, Austria and Croatia, triggered internal political controversies. In the last eight years, however, a wide consensus has been reached among the vast majority of Slovenian political parties to jointly work in the improvement of the country's diplomatic infrastructure and to avoid politicizing the foreign relations by turning them into an issue of internal political debates.

Slovenian embassy in the Hague.

Relations with neighbors

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Slovenia's bilateral relations with its neighbors are generally good and cooperative. However, a few unresolved disputes with Croatia remain. They are related mostly to the succession of the former Yugoslavia, including demarcation of their common border. In addition, unlike the other successor states of the former Yugoslavia, Slovenia did not normalize relations with the "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" (Serbia and Montenegro) until after the passing from power of Slobodan Milošević; although the Slovenes did open a representative office in Podgorica to work with Montenegrin President Milo Đukanović's government.

Succession issues, particularly concerning liabilities and assets of the former Yugoslavia, remain a key factor in Slovenia's relations in the region. On the whole, no conflicts mar relations with neighbors, which are on a sound footing. Numerous cooperative projects are either underway or envisioned, and bilateral and multilateral partnerships are deepening. Differences, many of which stem from Yugoslavia's time, have been handled responsibly and are being resolved.

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which Slovenia maintains diplomatic relations with:[1]

# Country Date
1  Latvia 3 September 1991
2  Lithuania 22 November 1991
3  Estonia 11 December 1991
4  Austria 15 January 1992
5  Germany 15 January 1992
6  Hungary 16 January 1992
7  Italy 17 January 1992
8  United Kingdom 15 January 1992
9  Denmark 20 January 1992
10  Netherlands 24 January 1992
11  San Marino 28 January 1992
12  Sweden 29 January 1992
13   Switzerland 31 January 1992
14  Liechtenstein 31 January 1992
15  Portugal 3 February 1992
16  Australia 5 February 1992
17  Czech Republic 5 February 1992
18  Croatia 5 February 1992
—  Holy See 8 February 1992
19  Finland 17 February 1992
20  Norway 18 February 1992
21  Iceland 24 February 1992
22  Paraguay 25 February 1992
23  Belgium 5 March 1992
24  Iran 9 March 1992
25  Albania 10 March 1992
26  Ukraine 10 March 1992
27  Luxembourg 11 March 1992
28  North Macedonia 17 March 1992[2]
29  Bolivia 18 March 1992
30  New Zealand 20 March 1992
31  Spain 25 March 1992
32  Poland 10 April 1992
33  Argentina 13 April 1992
34  Nicaragua 14 April 1992
35  Chile 15 April 1992
36  France 23 April 1992
37  Israel 28 April 1992
38  Egypt 30 April 1992
39  Malaysia 4 May 1992
40  Pakistan 11 May 1992
41  China 12 May 1992
42  India 18 May 1992
43  Russia 25 May 1992
44  Morocco 29 May 1992
45  Malta 29 June 1992
46  Mexico 10 July 1992
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 15 July 1992
47  Greece 21 July 1992
48  Belarus 23 July 1992
49  United States 11 August 1992
50  Cape Verde 17 August 1992
51  Bulgaria 18 August 1992
52  Turkey 26 August 1992
53  Romania 28 August 1992
54  Singapore 7 September 1992
55  North Korea 8 September 1992
56  Peru 9 September 1992
57  Thailand 9 September 1992
58  Cuba 22 September 1992
59  Algeria 12 October 1992
60  Indonesia 12 October 1992
61  Japan 12 October 1992
62  United Arab Emirates 15 October 1992
63  Kazakhstan 20 October 1992
64  Seychelles 21 October 1992
65  South Africa 30 October 1992
66  Ethiopia 6 November 1992
67  Bosnia and Herzegovina 16 November 1992
68  South Korea 18 November 1992
69  Belize 19 November 1992
70  Mali 3 December 1992
71  Cyprus 10 December 1992
72  Qatar 15 December 1992
73  Nigeria 19 December 1992
74  Brazil 21 December 1992
75  Venezuela 28 December 1992
76  Slovakia 1 January 1993
77  Canada 7 January 1993
78  Georgia 18 January 1993
79  Philippines 3 February 1993
80  Ghana 15 February 1993
81  Mongolia 18 February 1993
82  Marshall Islands 19 March 1993
83  Liberia 30 March 1993
84  Uruguay 26 April 1993
85  Tunisia 20 May 1993
86  Tanzania 4 June 1993
87  Antigua and Barbuda 15 June 1993
88  Dominica 9 July 1993
89  Lebanon 29 July 1993
90  Jordan 22 October 1993
91  Moldova 27 October 1993
92  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11 November 1993
93  Turkmenistan 11 November 1993
94  Guatemala 25 November 1993
95  Kyrgyzstan 19 January 1994
96  Sudan 25 January 1994
97  Namibia 24 March 1994
98  Ivory Coast 12 May 1994
99  Vietnam 7 June 1994
100  Armenia 12 July 1994
101  Colombia 19 July 1994
102  Kuwait 5 October 1994
103  Uzbekistan 16 January 1995
104  Zambia 15 February 1995
105  Burkina Faso 28 March 1995
106  Panama 10 May 1995
107  Saudi Arabia 7 June 1995
108  Andorra 13 July 1995
109  Yemen 12 October 1995
110  Costa Rica 19 October 1995
111  Tonga 7 December 1995
112  Oman 13 December 1995
113  Ireland 25 January 1996
114  Azerbaijan 20 February 1996
115  Bahrain 28 February 1996
116  Maldives 4 March 1996
117  Bangladesh 20 March 1996
118  Honduras 25 March 1996
119  Laos 28 March 1996
120  Eritrea 4 April 1996
121  Mauritania 4 June 1996
122  Cambodia 16 July 1996
123  Jamaica 23 July 1996
124  Sri Lanka 25 July 1996
125  Fiji 29 November 1996
126  Gabon 11 December 1996
127  Guinea 11 December 1996
128  Mozambique 19 December 1996
129  Ecuador 18 April 1997
130  Brunei 28 April 1997
131  Trinidad and Tobago 9 May 1997
132  Senegal 19 May 1997
133  Mauritius 30 May 1997
134  Guinea-Bissau 24 July 1997
135  Suriname 22 August 1997
136  Syria 25 August 1997
137  El Salvador 10 November 1997
138  Samoa 25 November 1997
139    Nepal 2 December 1997
140  Togo 31 July 1998
141  Cameroon 29 September 1998
142  Haiti 30 March 1999
143  Serbia 9 December 2000
144  Tajikistan 4 April 2002
145  Dominican Republic 11 March 2003
146  East Timor 3 April 2003
147  Angola 20 January 2004
148  Bahamas 10 September 2004
149  Afghanistan 20 September 2004
150  Kenya 3 November 2004
151  Benin 1 December 2004
152  Iraq 29 April 2005
153  Botswana 20 July 2005
154  Gambia 25 August 2005
155  Saint Lucia 29 August 2005
156  Montenegro 21 June 2006
157  Niger 22 June 2006
158  Uganda 31 August 2006
159  Madagascar 5 October 2006
160  Monaco 28 November 2006
161  Rwanda 8 December 2006
162  Djibouti 14 December 2006
163  Myanmar 18 December 2006
164  Republic of the Congo 19 April 2007
165  Guyana 19 April 2007
166  Burundi 27 July 2007
167  Libya 19 September 2007
168  Barbados 18 December 2007
—  Kosovo 7 April 2008
169  Saint Kitts and Nevis 5 June 2009
170  Tuvalu 12 June 2009
171  Papua New Guinea 9 February 2010
172  Equatorial Guinea 26 May 2010
173  Solomon Islands 18 November 2010
174  Palau 18 February 2011
175  Democratic Republic of the Congo 25 February 2011
176  Nauru 11 March 2011
177  Federated States of Micronesia 24 March 2011
178  Comoros 27 April 2011
179  Grenada 4 May 2011
180  Malawi 21 July 2011
181  South Sudan 23 September 2011
182  Sierra Leone 13 October 2011
183  Bhutan 13 September 2012
184  Somalia 3 April 2014
185  São Tomé and Príncipe 10 April 2014
186  Vanuatu 17 June 2015
187  Zimbabwe 22 July 2016[3]
188  Central African Republic 13 February 2017[4]
189  Kiribati 8 June 2021[3]
—  State of Palestine 5 June 2024[5]

Bilateral relations

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Multilateral

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Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
 European Union See 2004 enlargement of the European Union

Slovenia joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.

 NATO

Slovenia joined NATO as a full member on 29 March 2004.

Africa

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria See Algeria–Slovenia relations
 Egypt See Egypt–Slovenia relations

Since September 2007, Egypt has an embassy in Ljubljana. Slovenia has an embassy in Cairo (opened in 1993). Both countries are members of the Union for the Mediterranean.

 Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau is represented in Slovenia by an honorary consulate in Ljubljana.[6][7]

 Libya See Libya–Slovenia relations
 South Africa 30 October 1992
  • South Africa recognized the independence and sovereignty of Slovenia on April 2, 1992.
  • Slovenia has no official representation in South Africa.
  • South Africa is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Vienna, Austria, and through an honorary consulate in Ljubljana.
 Tunisia See Slovenia–Tunisia relations

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina 14 April 1992
  • Argentina is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Vienna.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Buenos Aires, which is also accredited to Chile, Peru, Paraguay and Uruguay.[8]
 Brazil 21 December 1992
  • Brazil has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Brasília, which is also accredited to Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela.[9]
 Canada See Canada–Slovenia relations
 Colombia July 2004
  • Colombia is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).[10]
  • Slovenia is represented in Colombia through its embassy in Brasília (Brazil).
 Dominica

Dominica is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in London.[11]

 Guatemala 25 November 1993
  • Guatemala is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Vienna, Austria.[12]
  • Slovenia is represented in Paraguay through its permanent mission in New York, U.S.
 Mexico 22 May 1992 See Mexico–Slovenia relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.[13]
  • Slovenia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[14]
 Paraguay
  • Paraguay is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Vienna, Austria and has an honorary consulate in Ljubljana.[15]
  • Slovenia is represented in Paraguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 United States 7 April 1992 See Slovenia–United States relations

Asia

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 27 June 1994
  • Diplomatic relations between Slovenia and Armenia began on 27 June 1994.
  • Armenia has an honorary consulate in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an honorary consulate Yerevan.
 Azerbaijan 20 February 1996[17]
  • Diplomatic relations between Slovenia and Azerbaijan began on 20 February 1996.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has a consulate in Baku.
 China 1992[18]
  • China has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate in Shanghai.[19]
 Georgia 13 January 1993 See Georgia–Slovenia relations
 India 11 May 1992[20]
  • India has an embassy in Ljubljana.[20]
  • Slovenia has an embassy in New Delhi.[21]
 Iran
  • Iran has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Tehran.
 Israel 28 April 1992 See Israel-Slovenia relations
 Japan See Japan–Slovenia relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Tokyo.
 North Korea 1992[citation needed]
 South Korea 1992-04-15 See Slovenia–South Korea relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between Republika Slovenija and the Republic of Korea began on 15 April 1992.

 Turkey See Slovenia–Turkey relations
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Ankara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Vietnam 7 June 1994

Europe

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania See Albania–Slovenia relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Tirana.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Austria See Austria–Slovenia relations

Relations between Austria and Slovenia are close. Austria was, next to Germany and the Holy See, the most firm supporter of Slovenia's independence. It firmly endorsed Slovenia's path into the European Union. Economic cooperation between the two countries is very important and has been expanding since the early 1990s. Regional cooperation, especially with the states of Carinthia and Styria, is well developed: as a concrete manifestation of the excellent state of regional relations, Slovenia, Austria, and Italy entered a joint bid to organize the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympic Games.

 Belgium See Belgium–Slovenia relations
  • Belgium is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Slovenia relations
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Sarajevo.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU candidate and Slovenia is an EU member.
 Bulgaria See Bulgaria–Slovenia relations
  • Bulgaria has an embassy in Ljubljana.[26]
  • Slovenia is represented in Bulgaria through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).[27]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Croatia See Croatia–Slovenia relations

Before 1991, both countries were part of Yugoslavia. On June 26, 1991, a mutual recognitial agreement was signed by both countries. Diplomatic relations between both countries were established on February 6, 1992. Croatia has an embassy in Ljubljana and two honorary consulates in Maribor and Koper. Slovenia has an embassy in Zagreb and an honorary consulate in Split. Both countries shares 670 km of common border.

 Cyprus See Cyprus–Slovenia relations
  • Cyprus is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
  • Slovenia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Czech Republic See Czech Republic–Slovenia relations
 Denmark See Denmark–Slovenia relations
 Finland See Finland–Slovenia relations
  • Finland is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Budapest, Hungary.
  • Slovenia is represented in Finland through its embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 France See France–Slovenia relations
  • France has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Paris.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Germany See Germany–Slovenia relations
  • Germany has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Greece See Greece–Slovenia relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Athens.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Hungary See Hungary–Slovenia relations

Relations with Hungary are excellent. Unlike with some of Hungary's other neighbors, minority issues have not been a problem in Hungarian-Slovene relations. The Hungarian minority in Slovenia is granted a policy of positive discrimination under the Slovene constitution, and the legal status of Hungarian Slovenes is good.

Within the Multilateral Cooperation Initiative between Slovenia, Italy, Hungary, and Croatia, cooperation exists in numerous fields, including military (Multinational Land Force peacekeeping brigade), transportation, combating money laundering and organized crime, non-proliferation, border crossings, and environmental issues.

 Ireland 1991
 Italy See Italy–Slovenia relations

The bilateral relations between Italy and Slovenia have improved dramatically since 1994 and are now at a very good level. In the early 1990s, the issue regarding property restitution to the Istrian exiles was hindering the development of a good relationship between the two countries. By 1996, however, the issue had been set aside, with Italy renouncing any revision of the Treaty of Osimo, allowing a significant improvement in relations. Italy was a firm supporter of Slovene EU and NATO membership, helping Slovenia technically and legislatively master its bid for membership in European and transatlantic institutions.

In 2001, the Italian Parliament finally approved the legislation resolving the last open issues regarding the Slovenian minority in Italy. The legislation, welcomed by both the representatives of the Slovenian minority in Friuli-Venezia Giulia and the Slovenian government, started to be implemented in 2007, removing the last pending issue between the two countries. Since then, Italo-Slovene relations can be characterized as excellent. Although there do not appear to be any scheduled flights between the two countries and the train service, which used to be frequent, has been limited to one train a day in each direction (a night service from Budapest to Venice and back) until December 2011, when it was discontinued, thus leaving no railway connection between the two countries.[30][31]

 Kosovo See Kosovo–Slovenia relations

Slovenia has a record of supporting the U.S. position on Kosovo, both in regular public statements by top officials and on the Security Council. Prior and during the Kosovo War of 1999, Slovenian top government officials called repeatedly for Slobodan Milošević's compliance with NATO demands. Slovenia granted NATO use of its airspace and offered further logistical support. It also has pledged personnel to support NATO humanitarian operations in the region. Slovenia helped Macedonia deal with the refugee crisis by providing 880 million sit (US$4.9 million) of humanitarian aid, in addition to granting a concession for imported agricultural products. The Slovene Government allocated 45 million SIT (US$250,000) to help Albania, Montenegro, and the Republic of Macedonia, one-third of which went to the latter. Slovenia took in over 4,100 Kosovar refugees during the crisis.

Slovenia recognized Kosovo on 5 March 2008.[32] Slovenia has an embassy in Pristina since 15 May 2008.[33] Kosovo has an embassy in Ljubljana.

 Latvia See Latvia–Slovenia relations
 Moldova See Moldova–Slovenia relations

Moldova recognized the Republic of Slovenia at an unknown date. Diplomatic relations were established on October 27, 1993. Both countries are represented in each other through their embassies in Budapest (Hungary).

 Montenegro 21 June 2006 See Montenegro–Slovenia relations
  • Slovenia recognized Montenegro's independence on June 20, 2006.
  • Montenegro has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • On June 23, 2006, Slovenia opened its embassy in Podgorica.[34]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • Montenegro is an EU candidate and Slovenia is an EU member.
 Netherlands 25 June 1991 See Netherlands–Slovenia relations
  • The Netherlands has an embassy in Ljubljana.[35]
  • Slovenia has an embassy in The Hague.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.[36]
  • Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Slovenia (in Dutch only)[37]
 North Macedonia See North Macedonia–Slovenia relations

The two countries have very close political and economic relations. Once part of SFR Yugoslavia, the two republics declared independence in 1991 (Slovenia in June, Macedonia in September) and recognised each other's independence on 12 February 1992.[38] Diplomatic relations between both countries were established on 17 March 1992.[39] Slovenia supports North Macedonia's sovereignty, territorial integrity, its Euro-integration and visa liberalisation.[38][40] A significant number of Slovenian investments ended up in North Macedonia. In 2007, about 70 million euros were invested.[41] In January 2009, the Macedonian prime minister Nikola Gruevski announced, that he expects more Slovenian investments in infrastructure and energy projects.[41] Over 70 Slovenian companies are present on the Macedonian market.[38]

 Poland 10 April 1992
  • Poland has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Portugal See Portugal–Slovenia relations
  • Portugal is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
  • Slovenia does not have an embassy accredited to Portugal.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Romania 28 August 1992 See Romania–Slovenia relations
 Russia 25 May 1992 See Russia–Slovenia relations
 Serbia 9 December 2000 See Serbia–Slovenia relations
  • Serbia has an embassy in Ljubljana.[46]
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an EU candidate
  • Slovenia has an EU member.[47]
  • Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Slovenia.[48]
 Slovakia See Slovakia–Slovenia relations
 Spain See Slovenia–Spain relations
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the NATO.
 Sweden See Slovenia–Sweden relations
  • Slovenia is represented in Sweden through its embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Sweden is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Budapest, Hungary.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
  Switzerland 1992
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Berne.[49]
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Ljubljana[50]
  • Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Slovenia[51]
 Ukraine 10 March 1992 See Slovenia–Ukraine relations
 United Kingdom 15 January 1992 See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

Slovenia established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 15 January 1992.

  • Slovenia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Slovenia through its embassy in Ljubljana.[55]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.[56]

See also

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References

[edit]
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